[Vineyard & Winery Elf EN](https://elf.intum.pl/kb/vineyard-winery-elf-en.md) / [Winery Monitoring](https://elf.intum.pl/kb/vineyard-winery-elf-en/winery-monitoring.md)

# [Winery Gas Monitoring - CO2 Sensors and Safety](https://elf.intum.pl/kb/vineyard-winery-elf-en/winery-monitoring/winery-gas-monitoring-co2-sensors-and-safety.md)

## Winery Gas Monitoring

During grape fermentation, large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO₂) are released. CO₂ is heavier than air and accumulates near the floor. In enclosed winery spaces, CO₂ concentration can reach dangerous levels.

### Why it matters

- **Human safety** — CO₂ concentration above 3% causes headaches, above 5% leads to loss of consciousness
- **Fermentation season** — highest risk in September and October, when all tanks are fermenting simultaneously
- **Cellars** — underground rooms without ventilation are particularly at risk

### Gas sensors in WineryElf

WineryElf integrates with gas sensors (CO₂, temperature, humidity) that monitor winery conditions in real time.

**Supported sensors:**
- CO₂ sensors connected via Shelly IoT gateway
- Environmental sensors Ecowitt (via GW1200 gateway)

**Alerts:**
- SMS, email, and WhatsApp notifications when CO₂ exceeds safe thresholds
- Cascading alerts — warning first, then alarm
- Concentration history in the dashboard

### Setup

1. Install a CO₂ sensor in the winery (at approximately 30 cm above floor level)
2. Connect to an IoT gateway (Shelly or Ecowitt)
3. In **WineryElf → Winery Monitoring**, add the sensor
4. Set alert thresholds (defaults: warning 1.5%, alarm 3%)
5. Configure notification recipients